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1.
Rev. cir. (Impr.) ; 73(3): 370-377, jun. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388834

ABSTRACT

Resumen El lipedema es una enfermedad común, frecuentemente subdiagnosticada, crónica y progresiva, que genera un gran deterioro en la calidad de vida. Consiste en el depósito anormal de tejido adiposo subcutáneo principalmente en las extremidades inferiores, afectando casi exclusivamente a mujeres. Sus síntomas principales son el dolor, la sensibilidad y la facilidad para producir equimosis. Desde el punto de vista fisiopatológico, existiría una susceptibilidad poligénica combinada con trastornos hormonales, microvasculares y linfáticos que pueden ser en parte responsables del desarrollo del lipedema. Se clasifica, según la distribución de la grasa en cinco tipos y, según la gravedad de la enfermedad, en cuatro etapas. El diagnóstico es eminentemente clínico y se debe diferenciar de otras patologías que producen aumento de volumen de las extremidades, especialmente el linfedema y obesidad. Es importante realizar un estudio funcional del sistema linfático cuando el diagnóstico es dudoso o para la etapificación del lipedema, por lo que la correcta interpretación de estos resultados es fundamental. El tratamiento está enfocado en disminuir la discapacidad y evitar la progresión, con el fin de mejorar la calidad de vida. Actualmente, la liposucción es un tratamiento efectivo para el lipedema, sin embargo, las técnicas empleadas para la lipectomía en el lipedema son diferentes a las técnicas utilizadas para la liposucción con fines estéticos. Las técnicas selectivas que respetan los vasos linfáticos tienen mejor rendimiento para reducir el volumen de grasa, retrasar la progresión, reducir el dolor, reducir la alteración marcha y mejorar la calidad de vida en estos pacientes.


Lipedema is a common, frequently under-diagnosed, chronic and progressive disease that generates an important detriment in quality of life. It consists in an abnormal deposit of subcutaneous adipose tissue mainly in the lower extremities, almost exclusively affecting women. Its main symptoms are pain, sensitivity and the ease of causing bruising. From the pathophysiological point of view, there would be a polygenic susceptibility combined with hormonal, microvascular and lymphatic disorders that may be partly responsible for the development of lipedema. It is classified according to the distribution of fat into five types and, according to the severity of the disease, in four stages. The diagnosis is eminently clinical and must be differentiated from other diseases that cause an increase in the volume of the extremities, especially lymphedema and obesity. It is important to carry out a study of the lymphatic system functionality when the diagnosis is not clear or for lipedema staging, so the correct interpretation of these results is essential. Treatment is focused on reducing disability and preventing progression, in order to improve quality of life. Liposuction is currently an effective treatment for lipedema, however, the techniques used for lipectomy in lipedema are different from the techniques used for liposuction for cosmetic purposes. Selective techniques that spare the lymphatic vessels have better results reducing fat volume, delaying progression, reducing pain, reducing gait disturbance, and improving quality of life of these patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Lipedema/surgery , Lipedema/diagnosis , Lipedema/physiopathology , Quality of Life , Lymphedema/physiopathology
2.
J. vasc. bras ; 14(2): 161-167, Apr.-June 2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-756466

ABSTRACT

Lymphedema secondary to breast cancer causes physical and psychological morbidity and compromises quality of life. The objective of this literature review was to study lymphatic compensation after surgery for breast cancer and the factors that influence this process, with a view to understanding the etiopathogenesis of lymphedema. Articles indexed on Pubmed published from 1985 to 2012 were reviewed. According to the literature, lymphangiogenesis reduces damage to lymph vessels; there is little evidence that Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor is elevated in women with lymphedema; lymphovenous communications can be observed 60 days after surgery; women without lymphedema have acquired alternative mechanisms for removal of proteins from the interstitial space; and active exercise stimulates lymphatic and venous pumping. Health professionals should teach these patients about the risk factors for lymphedema. The effects of lymphangiogenesis, proteolysis and lymphovenous communications on development of lymphedema should be studied, since these events are intimately related.


Linfedema secundário ao câncer de mama resulta em morbidade física e psicológica, e compromete a qualidade de vida. O objetivo desta revisão da literatura foi estudar as compensações linfáticas após cirurgia para câncer de mama e os fatores que interferem neste processo, visando a compreender a etiopatogenia do linfedema. Foram incluídos artigos publicados de 1985 a 2012, da base de dados Pubmed. Segundo a literatura, a linfangiogênese reduz danos nos vasos linfáticos; há pouca evidência de que o fator de crescimento vascular endotelial linfático é aumentado nas mulheres com linfedema; anastomoses linfovenosas são observadas 60 dias após a cirurgia; mulheres sem linfedema adquiriram mecanismos alternativos para remoção das proteínas do interstício, e exercício ativo estimula bombeamento linfático e venoso. Orientações dos fatores de risco para linfedema devem ser empregadas por profissionais da saúde. O efeito de linfangiogênese, proteólise e anastomoses linfovenosas sobre o desenvolvimento do linfedema deve ser estudado, pois são eventos intimamente relacionados.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Lymphatic System , Lymphedema/etiology , Lymphedema/physiopathology , Breast Neoplasms/etiology , Women , Axillary Artery , Physical Therapy Modalities/methods , Health Personnel , Postoperative Care , Risk Factors
3.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 36(6): 244-250, 06/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-716357

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study investigated short-term changes in body composition, handgrip strength, and presence of lymphedema in women who underwent breast cancer surgery. METHODS: Ninety-five women participated in a cross-sectional study, divided into two groups: Control (n=46), with healthy women, and Experimental (n=49), with women six months after breast cancer surgery . The Experimental Group was subdivided into right total mastectomy (RTM, n=15), left total mastectomy (LTM, n=11), right quadrant (RQ, n=13), and left quadrant (LQ, n=10). It was also redistributed among women with presence (n=10) or absence (n=39) of lymphedema. Presence of lymphedema, handgrip strength, and body composition were assessed. RESULTS: Trunk lean mass and handgrip strength were decreased in the Experimental Group. Total lean mass was increased in the LTM compared to RTM or LQ. Left handgrip strength in LTM was decreased compared to RTM and RQ and in LQ compared to RTM and RQ. Finally, total lean mass, trunk fat mass, trunk lean mass, right and left arm lean mass were increased in women with lymphedema. CONCLUSIONS: Breast cancer survivors have changes in their body composition and in handgrip strength six months after surgery; however, the interaction between the type of surgery and its impact is unclear. Furthermore, women who developed lymphedema in this period showed more significant changes in the body composition, but they were not enough to cause impairment in handgrip strength. .


OBJETIVO: Este estudo investigou alterações de curto prazo na composição corporal, na força de preensão palmar e na presença de linfedema em mulheres submetidas à cirurgia do câncer de mama. MÉTODOS: Noventa e cinco mulheres participaram de um estudo transversal, sendo divididas em dois grupos: Controle (n=46), mulheres saudáveis, e Experimental (n=49), mulheres seis meses após cirurgia do câncer de mama. O Grupo Experimental foi subdividido em mastectomia total direita (RTM, n=15), mastectomia total esquerda (LTM, n=11), quadrantectomia direita (RQ, n=13) e quadrantectomia esquerda (LQ, n=10). Também foi redistribuído entre mulheres com presença (n=10) ou ausência (n=39) de linfedema. Foram avaliadas a presença de linfedema, a força de preensão palmar e a composição corporal. RESULTADOS: A massa magra de tronco e a força de preensão palmar estavam diminuídas no Grupo Experimental. Massa magra total estava aumentada na LTM comparada à RTM ou LQ. Força de preensão palmar esquerda na LTM estava diminuída comparada à RTM e RQ e em LQ comparada à RTM e RQ. Finalmente, massa magra total, magra e gorda de tronco e massa magra de braço esquerdo e direito estavam aumentadas em mulheres com linfedema. CONCLUSÕES: Sobreviventes do câncer de mama possuem alterações na composição corporal e na força de preensão palmar seis meses após a cirurgia, porém a interação entre o tipo de cirurgia e seu impacto não está clara. Além disso, mulheres que desenvolveram linfedema neste período mostraram alterações mais significantes na composição corporal, mas que não foram suficientes para causar prejuízo na força de preensão palmar. .


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Body Composition , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Hand Strength , Lymphedema/physiopathology , Postoperative Complications/physiopathology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Lymphedema/etiology , Mastectomy , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Time Factors
4.
J. bras. med ; 95(2): 34-40, ago. 2008.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-525117

ABSTRACT

O linfedema vem afetando milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo. É uma doença crônica, caracterizada pelo acúmulo de líquidos e proteínas nos tecidos, decorrente da deficiência do sistema linfático. A drenagem linfática manual é um dos recursos de grande auxílio ao terapeuta, com o objetivo básico de drenar o excesso de líquido acumulado nos espaços intersticiais. O presente estudo tem como objetivo descrever as técnicas e verificar os efeitos da drenagem linfática manual na prevenção e tratamento do lindedema primário em em membros inferiores. Foi realizada revisão bibliográfica (Bireme, Lilacs, Medline e Pubmed). Concluiu-se que o tratamento deve ser combinado, utilizando-se a drenagem linfática manual com outras técnicas, como a cinesioterapia, tornando os efeitos significativos.


Linfedema affects millions of people in the whole world. It is a chronic illness characterized by the accumulation of liquids and proteins in decurrent fabrics of the deficiency of the lymphatic system. The manual lymphatic draining is one of the resources of great help to the physical therapist, with the basic objective to drain the excess of liquid accumulated in the interstitials spaces. This study has as objective to describe the techniques and to verify the effect of the manual lymphatic draining in the prevention and treatment of primary linfedema in inferior members. A bibliographical revision was made (the Bireme, Lilacs, Medline and Pubme). It could be concluded that the treatment should be combined, using the manual lymphatic drainage with other technique such as kinesiotherapy, making significant effects.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Lymphedema/physiopathology , Lymphedema/therapy , Musculoskeletal Manipulations , Lymphatic System/physiopathology , Kinesiology, Applied/methods , Kinesiology, Applied , Drainage/methods , Massage , Complementary Therapies/methods , Complementary Therapies
5.
Kinesiologia ; 27(2): 55-59, jun. 2008. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-503396

ABSTRACT

En el tratamiento del cáncer de mama, la complicación más frecuente que se presenta es el linfedema secundario del miembro superior. El linfedema es una enfermedad crónica provocada por una destrucción de la anatomía linfática normal. Aparece en un 20% -25% de los casos y hasta un 35% cuando la cirugía se asocia a radioterapia. Pese a los importantes avances existentes en el tratamiento de linfedema, no hay un consenso entre los investigadores respecto a la elección de la terapia adecuada, debido a la falta de criterios uniformes de diagnósticos, que se traducen en la derivación tardía de los pacientes hacia los profesionales especializados. El enfoque terapéutico actual consiste en la integración de equipos multidisciplinarios reunidos en un Programa Integral de Rehabilitación del Edema (PIR), el que reúne enfoques preventivos - a través de la educación del paciente - y conservadores tales como el Drenaje Linfático Manual, presoterapia secuencial intermitente, ejercicios específicos, vendaje multicapas y elementos de contención. Estos tratamientos si bien no buscan la cura del Linfedema, permiten minimizar las secuelas funcionales y mejorar la calidad de vida de las pacientes portadoras de esta patología.


In breast cancer treatment, the most common complication is the Secondary Lymphedema of the upper limb. Lymphedema is a chronic disease caused by the destruction of the normal lymphatic anatomy. It is produced in a 20-25% of the cases, and up to 35% when the surgery is associated to radiotherapy. Despite the important existing advances in the management of Iymphedema, there is no consensus between the investigators with respect to the election of the suitable therapy, due to the lack of uniform criteria of diagnosis, which are translated in a delayed derivation of the patients towards the specialized professionals. The present therapeutic approach, consists of the integration of multidisciplinary teams joined in an Integral Program of Rehabilitation of Edema (IPR), which gathers preventive approaches - through the education of the patient - and conservative approaches, such as the MDL (Manual Lymphatic Drainage), Intermittent Sequential Pressotherapy specific. Exercises, multi layer Bandage, and elements of containment. These treatments, although do not aim at the cure of the Lymphedema, allow the decrease of the functional sequels and improve the quality of life of the patients who carry this pathology.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Lymphedema/etiology , Lymphedema/therapy , Breast Neoplasms/complications , Drainage , Exercise Therapy , Lymphedema/physiopathology , Lymphedema/rehabilitation , Mastectomy/adverse effects , Lymph Nodes/anatomy & histology , Patient Care Team , Radiotherapy/adverse effects , Lymphatic Vessels/anatomy & histology
6.
Rev. Méd. Clín. Condes ; 19(1): 115-121, mar. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-515884

ABSTRACT

El linfedema se debe a depósito de proteínas con alto Peso Molecular (PM) en el intersticio, debido a una falla en el transporte de linfa, originando edema. Es un cuadro lentamente progresivo de origen primario o secundario principalmente a cirugía oncológica en la extremidad superior e infecciosa en las inferiores. Clínicamente se manifiesta por edema irreversible al fallar la función de los linfáticos en la reabsorción de proteínas de alto PM, las que al permanecer en el intersticio provocan la atracción de agua y electrolitos, favoreciendo la fibrasis. Sin tratamiento evoluciona a elefantiasis y paquidermitis por linfangectasia.Las complicaciones más frecuentes son las infecciones bacterianas de la piel recidivantes que agravan el cuadro, rara vez evoluciona a un linfangiosarcoma.Su tratamiento se basa fundamentalmente en el drenaje linfático manual (DLM), presoterapia, elastocompresión y benzopironas.A pesar de ser una patología irreversible, detectada a tiempo y bien manejada permite detener su evolución y mejorar la calidad de vida.


Lymphedema is caused by a deficiency in the lymph transport system, that produce deposit of high molecular weight protein in the interticial space, derivating edema. It is a slowly progressive disease of primary origin, or secondary to oncologic surgery in the upper extremities, and infectious in the lower extremities. It is clinically manifested by an irreversible edema when the lymphatic vessels' function fail to reabsorb high molecular weight proteins. These proteins remain in the interstice, producing water and electrolytes attraction, thus favoring fibrosis. If it is not treated, lymphedema results in elephantiasis and paquidermitis due to lymphagectasy. The most frequent complications are recurrent skin infections due to bacteria that complica te the whole illness. Very rarely results in lymphagiosarcome. Its treatment is essentially based on manual linfatic drainage (MLD), pressotherapy, elastocompressure, and benzopirones. Though lymphedema is an irreversible pathology, if detected timely and well treated, it allows for a detention in its evolution and improvement in quality of life.


Subject(s)
Humans , Lymphedema/diagnosis , Lymphedema/therapy , Lymphedema/physiopathology
7.
Bol. Hosp. San Juan de Dios ; 52(1): 43-51, ene.-feb. 2005. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-426854

ABSTRACT

El linfedema se produce por retención de las proteínas de alto peso molecular en el intersticio. Su principal causa en las extremidades superiores son las secuelas de la cirugía y/o de la radioterapia utilizadas en el tratamiento del cáncer de mama. En las extremidades inferiores, en las que es mucho más frecuente, el linfedema es de tipo primario o secundario a procesos bacterianos recurrentes. Es una patología cuya frecuencia va en aumento sea por iatrogenia, por síndrome post-flebítico o por mejor conocimiento y preocupación por pesquisarlo más precozmente. Si bien es una patología que no tiene tratamiento curativo radical existen numerosos recursos que aplicados a tiempo y bien manejados son capaces de detener su evolución y evitar sus complicaciones.


Subject(s)
Humans , Lymphedema/physiopathology , Lymphedema/therapy , Bandages , Coumarins/therapeutic use , Drainage/methods , Exercise Therapy , Elephantiasis/etiology , Extremities/pathology , Lymphedema/diagnosis , Lymphedema/etiology , Severity of Illness Index , Signs and Symptoms
9.
Rev. bras. cir ; 84(5): 191-6, set.-out. 1994. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-148490

ABSTRACT

Os autores apresentam um caso de linfoedema congênito dos membros inferiores comprometendo pernas e coxas (doença de Milroy-Meige). Discorrem sobre o linfoedema e elefantíase de um modo geral. Estudam a etiofisiopatogenia dos respectivos quadros, bem como os sintomas e sinais que os acompanham. Fazem referência a trabalhos experimentais de diversos autores visando esclarecer a fisiopatogenia do linfoedema. Concluem que o terreno é importante, mas que as infecçöes repetidas säo necessárias para o estabelecimento definitivo da elefantíase. Säo favoráveis ao tratamento cirúrgico do linfoedema e efefantíase (dermofibrolipectomia), uma vez que o tratamento clínico é inoperante


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Diagnosis, Differential , Elephantiasis/physiopathology , Lipectomy/rehabilitation , Lymphedema/physiopathology , Elephantiasis/surgery , Elephantiasis/etiology , Lymphedema/etiology , Lymphedema/surgery
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